如何用英文表達只懂一部分或不太確定?
只懂英文大意、漏了細節,或覺得自己大概懂但不確定?用 Status → Missing Piece → Repair,先誠實說明理解程度,再指出缺口並精準請對方補上。
英文理解不是只有 I understand 和 I don’t understand 兩檔。先說清楚你到底懂到哪裡,再指出 missing piece,最後請對方只修真正缺的那一塊。
你只懂大意,卻說 I understand. 下一秒對方問:Great, so you’ll send it by Thursday?——這時你才發現,date 根本沒進來。
Status → Missing Piece → Repair
- Main idea clear, detail missing:I got the main idea, but I missed the last part.
- Partial meaning only:I understand part of it, but not all of it.
- Plausible interpretation, uncertain:If I understood correctly, you mean...
- Specific local uncertainty:I’m not sure what you mean by...
你的目標不是「顯得很有信心」,而是讓對方知道:什麼已經進來,什麼還沒進來。
公開 uncertainty,不等於 interaction 失敗
Conversation research 會把 speakers 公開表達自己「知道多少、確定多少」視為 epistemic stance 的一部分;如果公開的 stance 跟實際 knowledge 不合,interaction 本身也可能出現 repair。查看 epistemic-stance repair research。
不同 question design 也可以顯示不同 knowledge positions,例如是真的不知道,或是已經有一個 candidate meaning、只差確認。查看 questions and epistemic stance study。
換句話說,你不需要把 partial understanding 包裝成 full understanding。對方真正需要的是一個可修理的 status update。
State 1:大意懂了,但細節漏了
這時不要把整段打成「不懂」。你可以先保留自己已經抓到的 meaning,再指出 missing detail。
Original practice example
I got the main idea, but I missed the last part. Could you say that part again?
先說 main idea 有進來,再鎖定 last part。這樣 speaker 不需要把前面已經成功的內容整包重播。
meeting、phone call、instructions 裡漏掉句尾、date、number 或最後一個 condition。
聽一段短說明後,先說一句你已經懂的,再只指定一個 missing detail。
State 2:聽到一些 words,但整體 meaning 還沒拼起來
有時你不是只漏一個 detail。你聽到幾個熟悉字,卻不知道它們之間的關係。這時說 I got the main idea 就太強了。
Original practice example
I understand part of it, but not all of it. Could you explain the second step again?
這句把 status 說得很準:不是 zero understanding,也不是完整 understanding。接著把 repair 縮到 second step。
流程、路線、multi-step instruction、原因鏈聽到部分但關係不清楚時。
找一段兩到三步的說明,故意只掌握第一步,練習用 part of it + missing step。
State 3:你大概懂了,但不想把猜測當成 fact
這是最適合把你的 candidate interpretation 說出來的時候。不要只說 maybe,讓對方猜你到底在 maybe 什麼。
Original practice example
If I understood correctly, you mean we should send the draft before Friday. Is that right?
前半句公開 uncertainty;中間把 candidate interpretation 說完整;最後讓 speaker confirm 或 correct。
deadline、requirement、plan、instruction 大致懂但不敢當成已確認資訊時。
Partner 說一個安排,你先 paraphrase,再用 If I understood correctly... + confirmation question。
L2 interaction research 也會區分 clarification request 與 confirmation check:當你已經有一個 candidate understanding 時,confirmation 可以直接測試那個 interpretation。查看 L2 interaction study。
State 4:整體跟得上,只卡一個 specific part
Original practice example
I think I follow, but I’m not sure what you mean by “final approval.” Could you clarify that part?
I think I follow 保留整體理解;I’m not sure what you mean by... 把 uncertainty 鎖到一個 term。
工作術語、scope word、reference、one phrase 或一個 ambiguous concept。
選一個你整段都懂、只有一個 phrase 不懂的情境,練習只標那一個 phrase。
從 “I understand” 到 “I don’t understand”:每句承諾的東西不一樣
I understand.
對話裡通常是一個比較強的 public commitment:你在傳達「目前足以往下走」。它不代表你腦中百分之百沒有任何疑問,但如果 critical detail 還沒確定,別太早用它收尾。
I think I understand.
你有一個 workable interpretation,但還留有 uncertainty。最好接著 paraphrase:I think I understand—you mean...
I’m not sure I understand.
你明確告訴對方:現在還不能當作 shared understanding。下一步應該說哪裡不確定。
I only understood part of that.
你知道自己是 partial understanding,不需要讓 speaker 猜是整段還是一小塊。
I don’t understand.
完全可以用,但如果實際只缺一個 word,它可能叫來比你需要更大的 repair。可以改成 I don’t understand the last part.
把一句話組完整:Status + Missing Piece + Repair
最可用的 pattern 不是背一堆 hedge,而是三塊拼起來:
Status:我懂到哪裡。
Missing Piece:哪一塊不確定。
Repair:請對方做什麼。
- I got the main idea, but I missed the number. Could you say that part again?
- I think I understand the first step, but I’m not sure about the second. Could you explain it again?
- If I understood correctly, you want the short version, not the full report. Is that right?
High-pressure rule:不確定還沒解掉,就不要先 promise
如果 uncertainty 涉及 date、number、instruction、requirement 或 decision,先把 status 說出來,再確認。不要為了顯得流暢,讓對方以為你已經 fully understood。
- I think I understood the deadline, but I want to make sure. Did you say Thursday?
- I’m not completely sure I understood the quantity. Is it 15 or 50?
- I understand the general requirement, but I’m not sure about the final step. Could you clarify that before I proceed?
這些只是 communication patterns。真正重要的 rule 是:critical detail 不確定,就不要自己補答案。
五種 partial-understanding trap
其實不確定,卻一直點頭
Speaker 看不到你的 uncertainty,就沒有機會修。把 status 說出來比假裝 full bars 更有用。
只懂部分,卻直接說 I understand
如果 conversation 下一步涉及 action,這會讓對方合理地以為你可以往下走。改成 partial status。
只說 maybe
Maybe... 沒有告訴 speaker 是 date、meaning、scope 還是 whole sentence 不確定。把 candidate interpretation 或 missing piece 補上。
只缺一小塊,卻說 I don’t understand
不是錯,但 repair 太大。能 localize 就 localize:I don’t understand the last part.
critical information 靠猜
猜 date、number、requirement 不是 fluency。把 uncertainty 公開,confirm 後再 action。
Same Message, Four Statuses:同一句話,四種真實理解狀態
Speaker 說:The fee is fifty dollars. Send the draft by Thursday, and I’ll review it before Monday.
Round A:大意懂,deadline 沒進來
Status: I got the main idea, but I missed the deadline.
Repair: Could you say the day again?
Round B:聽到 fee、draft、Monday,但不懂先後關係
Status: I understand part of it, but not all of it.
Repair: Could you explain the order of the steps again?
Round C:你覺得 draft 是 Thursday 前要交,但不確定
Status: If I understood correctly, the draft is due Thursday.
Repair: Is that right?
Round D:全部懂,只有 review 在這個 workflow 裡的意思不清楚
Status: I think I follow, but I’m not sure what you mean by “review” here.
Repair: Do you mean feedback only, or approval?
同一段 English,差別不是你「懂幾分」,而是 你的 gap 在哪裡、你願不願意把它說清楚。
“I understand some” 聽得懂,但通常不是最自然的 standalone response
學習者說法: I understand some.
分類:context-dependent;若想單獨表達「我只懂剛才內容的一部分」,通常顯得 incomplete 或不夠自然。
聽者會理解:你理解某個未明說的「一些」,但 object 不夠清楚。
更自然: I understand some of it. / I understand part of it. / I understood some of what you said.
Context note:如果前面已經建立一個明確 set,some 可以獨立代替其中一部分,所以原句不是任何 context 都錯;只是作為 generic response to speech,some of it / part of it 更精準。
一個小練習:只說一行 status report
聽一段短 explanation 後,不准只回答 Yes / I understand。一定要說一整行:
Status + Missing Piece + Repair。
例如:I think I understand the plan, but I missed the final step. Could you explain that part again?
不要裝 full bars;把真實 signal 說出來
Partial understanding 不是一個需要藏起來的狀態。真正有用的做法是:Status → Missing Piece → Repair。
你可以懂大意、漏細節;可以有 candidate meaning、但還不確定;也可以整體跟得上,只卡一個 phrase。每種狀態都比一句模糊的 maybe 更容易被修。
尤其 date、number、requirement 或 decision 會影響 action 時,uncertainty 還沒解掉,就不要先 promise。
資料來源
- Questions and epistemic stance: Some examples from Italian conversations
- Remediation of infelicitous epistemic stance
- Examining Deductive Versus Guided Instruction From an Interactionist Perspective
- The Preference for Self-Correction in the Organization of Repair in Conversation
- Positioning as not-understanding: The value of showing uncertainty for engaging in science